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M9460306.TXT
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1994-06-12
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Document 0306
DOCN M9460306
TI The significance of the blood-borne viruses: blood banking and
transfusion medicine.
DT 9408
AU Sherwood WC; American Red Cross Blood Services, Penn Jersey Region,;
Philadelphia, PA.
SO Dev Biol Stand. 1993;81:25-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94229381
AB Most of the blood-borne infections that have held our attention during
the last half of this century have been well characterized. Although HIV
and the hepatitis viruses have enormous world-wide public health
implications, there has been considerable success in their prevention of
transmission by transfusion. The technology is available to treat and
eliminate from virtually all non-cellular blood products the
transmission of disease caused by those viruses for which we have had
the greatest concern. However, for the cellular blood products the basic
methods of prevention continue to be imperfect: donor selection and
viral serological testing. The significance of the transmission of
blood-borne agents by these products depends upon the frequency of the
agent in the donor population and the serological screening performed.
There is a marked degree of variation in frequency of these infections,
dependent upon geography, living conditions, and life style. Data on the
frequency of transfusion-transmitted disease are meagre and usually
based upon indirect estimates. In the United States the frequency of the
transmission of HIV by cellular blood products is estimated to be
1:125,000 products transfused. A similar estimate for the transmission
of hepatitis is 1:200 products transfused. For the developing countries,
some of which experience the highest rates of hepatitis and HIV
infection in their populations, data on the frequency of transfusion
transmission are not generally available. In recent years, new evidence
has stimulated interest in a few transfusion-transmissible diseases
that, although uncommon from the public health perspective, have both
real and potential transfusion impacts for the use of plasma and plasma
derivatives as well as cellular products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS)
DE Biological Products/ADVERSE EFFECTS Blood/*MICROBIOLOGY Blood
Banks/*STANDARDS Blood Transfusion/*ADVERSE
EFFECTS/ECONOMICS/METHODS/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA Erythema
Infectiosum/EPIDEMIOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/ TRANSMISSION Hepatitis,
Viral, Human/EPIDEMIOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/ TRANSMISSION
Herpesviridae Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/
TRANSMISSION Human Incidence Prion Diseases/EPIDEMIOLOGY/PREVENTION &
CONTROL/TRANSMISSION Retroviridae Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/PREVENTION &
CONTROL/ TRANSMISSION Risk United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY
Viremia/MICROBIOLOGY Virus Diseases/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION &
CONTROL/TRANSMISSION Viruses/*ISOLATION & PURIF JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).